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2011全国英语考试二级复习资料07
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一．相关文化背景介绍
（一）关于神经性厌食症
神经性厌食症，也称为厌食症，它是一种病人自己有意造成的体重明显下降至正常生理标准体重以下，并极力维持这种状态的一种心理障碍。神经性厌食症的主要症状是无休止境减少体重，惧怕体重增加，闻胖“色”变。虽然该病名称为厌食症，但此类病人并非没有食欲，或更确切地讲不是“吃不下饭”而是不敢吃。神经性厌食症会产生严重的营养不良，从而造成机体功能的下降，如严重贫血、心率慢、易感染，从而威胁到生命。
（二）关于餐馆小费的付法
由于各个国家和地区的文化传统迥然有异，风俗习惯更是复杂多样，因此对小费的态度自然也有不同。但总体上，这种做法是对服务人员的一种尊敬。如在中国常看到如下一些做法：帐单上扣除酒钱后的金额，取其20%作为侍者的小费，酒钱的8%作为送酒侍者的小费，最小金额为10元；如果领班为你找到一张特别好的桌子，给他20或50元；保管大衣的人10元，寄放东西给20元；如果女用洗手间管理员为你做了一些特别服务，给她20元左右；看门的人帮你叫来出租车给10元或20元。
二、 课文讲析
（一）词汇
1 terrible 极坏的，很糟的
考点：a terrible storm 一场可怕的风暴 terrible responsibilities 极重大的责任
2 complain 控诉，抱怨
考点：complain about sth 抱怨某事
3 overcharge 要价过高
4 apologize 谢罪，道歉
考点：apologize for 为… …而道歉 apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护
5 charge 要（价），收（费）
考点：charge sb. for sth. 因… …向某人要价
6 disappoint 使失望
考点：be disappoint in sb./sth. 对某人或某事失望
be disappoint of one’s purpose 目的落空
7 lay 放置
考点：lay on 提供；给… …以责任，问题 lay out 布置；大道，击倒
8 remove 去掉；移走
考点：be removed from 与… …远离，与… …疏远
be removed from school 被开除，被勒令退学
9 escape 逃跑
考点：escape from 从… …逃脱，幸免与
（二）短语
1 no wonder 怪不得
表示前面所说的原因导致的结果，说话者有恍然大悟的感觉。
e.g. He is sick, no wonder he doesn’t come today!
No wonder he bought a new car! He got money from the prize.
2 show sb around 带领某人参观
around 后面通常接地点，表示周围的地区或建筑物。
e.g. Would you like to show me around the city ?
Sorry, I don’t have time to show you around my factory now .
3 be fond of 喜欢
后接名词或动名词，指“喜欢做某事”。
e.g. I am fond of playing basketball , how about you ?
John is fond of Chinese food very much .
4 spend some time doing sth 花费时间做某事
后面必须接动名词形式，不可接不定式。
e.g I spend a lot of time cleaning my room .
How much do you spend time reading this novel?
5 in the open air 在露天
如果是词组in the air , 则意思完全不同，指“流行的；不确定的”。
e.g It’s funny to cook meals in the open air .
My schedule is still in the air
(三)句型
1 A barbecue set usually has a tray four or five inches in depth, in which the charcoal burns, a metal grill to cover the tray, and several long metal rods, called skewers, which hold the food.
译文：一套烧烤野餐餐具要有一个四五英寸深度的托盘，里面可以烧炭，一个金属烧烤搭在托盘上，还有几个长的金属杆，被称为烤肉杆，可以串着肉。
讲解：词组in depth 与名词deepness 同义，指“深度”。In which 相当于关系副词where，引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰tray ，第二个which 修饰的是skewers .
e.g I like this bag very much , in which I can put many things .
2 Put little balls of paper among the charcoal so as to make a good fire , but wait until it is hot and smokeless before cooking .
译文： 团放到木炭周围是为了较好的燃烧，但是要一直等到木炭变红、变热和无烟的时候，才能烧烤。
讲解：这是两个祈使句，以动词put 和wait 开头。Until 等同于till 指“直到… …的时候”。So as to do st指“为了做某事”，相当于in order to do sth 。
e.g. He studies hard so as to enter this famous university .
3 Although this barbecued meal , cooked and served in the open air , is
excellent by itself , there are two ways by which it might be improved .
译文：虽然这个在露天烧烤，享用的野餐自身来说还是极好的，但有两个方法或许可以改善它。
讲解：cooked 和served 都是过去分词做meal 的定语。By which 引导的是定语从句，修饰ways 。by itself 指“本身”，by oneself 指“单独地，独自地”。
e.g. I went to Japan one year ago by myself .
三、 常考语法
让步状语从句
1 表示让步的状语从句可以由although , even if , even though , whether 等词引导。
e.g. We’ll try to finish the work in time though / although we are short of manpower .
Granted that they weren’t doing it in the right way , you weren’t right in taking everything on yourself.
You mustn’t be conceited even if you ‘re achieved great successes .
We’ll carry on the work whether we can get the machines we need .
2 由as , though 引导的倒装句表让步，此时由as , though引导的让步从句是表语或状语提前（形容词、副词 、分词、实义动词提前）
e.g Exhausted though she was , there was no hope of her being able to sleep .
Poor as he was , he was honest .
Try as I might , I couldn’t lift the stone .
3 “no matter + 疑问句”或“疑问句 + ever ”亦可引导让步状语从句，具有“不论”、“不管”的意思。
.e.g No matter what happened , Tom would not mind .
Whatever happened , Tom would not mind.
四、 口试必备用语
在饭店、餐馆等场合就餐时，侍者或朋友可以有如下询问：
1 Will you have some beer , Mr wang ?
2 Can I give you something else , Madam ?
3 What would you like for eat ?
4 What would you like for dessert ?
5 Are you ready to order ?
6 Do you want some fruit ?
7 Do you want something to drink ?
根据自己的需要，作出相应的回答。
1 I’d like some steak .
2 I’ll have some beer , please .
3 Yes , please . I want an apple .
4 A small glass of whisky , please .
5 No , thank you . I don’t need anything else .
6 I’d like to try this soup .
结帐时可以说：
1 Can I pay by credit card ?
2 Here you are .
3 Sorry , we only take cash .
4 Here is your charge
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